NS002: Upper Cumberland Basin

Global Key Biodiversity Area

Site Info
45.78°N 64.39°W Elevation: 0 to 5 m Area: 193 km²
Important Links
IBA Site Go to the IBA Canada webpage for this site.
Thresholds See the thresholds for species at this site.
WDKBA See this site on the World Database for KBAs.
Review Site Share your knowledge of this site!
Bird Species Meeting KBA Criteria
Species Number Date Season Global Global
Data Issues
National National
Data Issues
Semipalmated Sandpiper
Calidris pusilla
106,121-148,200 2002-2011 D1a Out of Date D1a Out of Date
Site Description

Chignecto Bay, which is the western arm of the upper Bay of Fundy, divides into Shepody Bay on the western side and the Cumberland Basin on the eastern side. This site includes Upper Cumberland Basin north of the Elysian Fields and winds southeast to Amherst Point and the mouth of the Maccan River. Directly west of Amherst Point, across the basin, is the community and mudflats of Minudie. Vast areas of mud, sand flats, and salt marshes are exposed at low tide. 

Biodiversity

Mud flats at the head of the upper Bay of Fundy are used extensively by migrating shorebirds for staging during fall migration. The mud contains a wide range of invertebrate prey, including mud shrimp (Corophium volutator), which are a vital food source for many shorebirds.  Shorebirds use this site to feed before beginning non-stop three- to four-day migration flights to their wintering grounds in South America. The rich feeding habitats in the Bay of Fundy enable the birds to build up fat stores necessary to make this long migration.

In the Upper Cumberland Basin, in the Minudie region, 50,000 Semipalmated Sandpipers have been recorded. Across the whole Upper Cumberland Basin site, between 60,000 and 100,000 Semipalmated Sandpipers are regularly reported, with a high of 148,200 reported in 2002. Other shorebirds that frequent the area in the fall include Red Knot, Sanderling, Least Sandpiper, Dunlin, Short-billed Dowitcher, and White-rumped Sandpipers. 

In addition to shorebirds, high numbers of Canada Geese historically visited Upper Cumberland Basin during spring migration; for example, 10,000 were recorded in 1968. In recent years, however, the numbers of geese in the area have declined, with recent maximum observations of approximately 1,000 birds.

Conservation

The Upper Cumberland Basin is recognized as a site of Hemispheric Importance by the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network. It is also a Ramsar site. In 1975, a small marsh portion of this site (1,300 hectares) was protected as the Chignecto National Wildlife Area. Other protected areas include Fossil Coast Nature Reserve along the southeast coast of the site (227 hectares), John Lusby Marsh National Wildlife Area in the northeast portion of the site (538 hectares), and a land parcel near Amherst Point owned by Ducks Unlimited (27 hectares). If proposed plans to re-dyke areas of salt marshes proceed, shorebird foraging and roosting habitat could be seriously altered.